Welcome to St.Antony’s Forane Church, Ollur.
St.Antony’s Church, Ollur, Shrine of St.Raphael, also known as Chinna Roma, is a significant Shrine in Arch Diocese of Thrissur, Syro Malabar Christian Community. The shrine is known for its rich history and cultural importance in the region.
Ollur Shrine is a focal point for many pilgrims and a place of worship, reflection, and celebration of faith for the community. The church often features traditional architectural styles, vibrant liturgical practices, and community events that reflect the heritage of the Syro-Malabar Church.
The Feast of Saint Raphael or MalakhayudePerunnal is an annual festival held in Ollur. It draws thousands of pilgrims. The Ollur forane church, founded in 1718 and dedicated to St Anthony, also houses a famous Shrine of Raphael the Archangel. This is one of the oldest churches built in 18th-century Kerala. The festival starts with the hoisting of the ceremonial flag on 15 October to mark the beginning of the celebrations in the church compound. It is one of half a dozen Christian festivals listed by Kerala Tourism as among the attractions of the state.
The St. Anthony’s Forane Church, Ollur, was built by the resident Christian families of Ollur under the leadership of Chiramel Chakoru Palu, a resident of Ollur, who got the permission from the Raja of Cochin. The foundation stone of the church was laid by Rev. Marottical Poulose. The church was built in typical Kerala Vaastushilpa architectural style in the period 1883-1893.
The Ollur Forane church is one of the best models of Christian architecture in India. The Ollur church is one of the wealthiest in the whole of Kerala. The Ollur forane church, founded in 1718 and dedicated to St Anthony, also houses a famous Shrine of Raphael the Archangel. This is one of the oldest churches built in 18th-century Kerala. The festival, held on 23 and 24 October of each year, isone of the most important Christian festivals in Kerala. The history of St. Antony’s Forane Church begins in June 13 1718 CE when a temporary church was constructed of the religious and first mass was conducted.
The Church was blessed on June 13,1722 CE by Mar Antony Pimentel who was then Bishop of Kodungallur along with Johann Ernst Hanxelton, famously known as Arnos Paathiri.
Previously, the Ollur Christian population went to Mass in Pazhuvil church. One day one of the women of the Chiramel family missed Mass in Pazhuvil church. Disappointed, she told this to her son and asked him to construct a church in Ollur. The authorities permission was required to setup a church in ollur, Which was densely populated by Hindus and housed two temples dedicated to Lord bhagavathi and Lord shiva , so it was not easy. Malaekal Karthakal was a true symbol of human unity and religious harmony in those days. He came out publicly with the promise of support for the establishment of the church. After this, land donated by Malaekal Karthakal was used for building a new church in Ollur. According to church records, in 1718 a temporary church was constructed and the first Mass was conducted. The church was blessed on 13 June 1722, by the Mar Antony Pimentel, known Metropolitan and Gate of All India or Bishop of kodungallur along with Johann Ernst Hanxelton famously known as Arnos Paathiri. It is said th at a small ivory statue of St. Antony, where donated by metropolitan Thirumeni to the church.
In 1750 started celebrating the feast of St Sebastian in the month of January and is the second major festival in the parish. Saint Sebastian (c. AD 256 – 288) was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian’s persecution of Christians. The Ollur Church was erected. Many families from different part of the country began to flock to Ollur. But this did not last long. In 1790,TipuSultan set fire to church. The burning of the church shocked the Christians, even though they had been exterminated. Then After short long time ollur reborn, history has moved on again, Ollur has regained its strength as Christian center.
Neither the king nor the rulers nor the army were allowed to exercise any authority over those who sought refuge and protection with in the church walls. It should also be on the basis of that recognition that the ollur church should be considered to have been built on an Elephantwall (Aana mathil) around the vast expanse. Construction of wall around the church was completed on 1814 .Before the renovation of the Natashala, the church had a tower door (Aana vathil) and the complex was called as “sanctuary”. The Festival of Angel Rapheal of Ollur parish began to be celebrated as a community of love and happiness , beginning with the historical records. Such a simple celebration began in 1839, and for sometime we celebrated the day with enthusiasm and the responsibilities of the devotees.
Meanwhile the number of people seeking the angels intercession with various requests and petition gradually increased. Due to the large number of pilgrims , the festival was later celebrated in the church itself, not in the
vicinity of the feast of the angel Raphael , but also in neighbouring states. During that time not only Keralites but also konkini people, Tamil people and parangi people where use to visit church to celebrate feast of St Rapheal. In the time of limited transport , bullock carts were used by families and neighbours , and bullock carts lined the streets of the church. In order to celebrate feast of 2 or 3 days ,rice and other ingrediants brought for cooking and eating on those days , even when the food is cooked on the sidewalks and in empty spaces . For them the festival was not only a joyous occasion but also sacrificial pilgrimage .
In 1845 small church ( vadakubagam palli) was built on north side in the name of angel St Raphael. The façade of this small church is oldest Surviving facades in kerala, accurately reflecting the Portuguese style and architecture . Thus began the burial of the dead in this small church, which stands as a symbol of ancient traditions (Beginning to be used as cemetery) The bodies of the priest were buried in tombs infront of the altar at the eastern end. Beautiful Altar was built in 1870 at ollur church. The Erathazhu Which is made entirely of wood behind the altar, is almost a fascinating work of art. You can see that the roof of the altar is covered with mud and some greens leaves. This is to prevent it from bending. On August 27, 1911 the main altar of the church was declared as “swayamvarabalipeedam” Most of the wooden altars are decorated with flowers, plants, vines and leaves. Pillars and false pillars are also carved in the wood. The altars of kerala are adorned with many special carvings made of wood.
Golden paint mixed with real gold and other pigments have been used for the paintings. In addition to vines and plants, angels, apostles, and saints can be easily seen on the other side. Carved candles for the permenant decoration of the altar are also used to proclaim the art.
The main wall on the north wall of the church was completed in 1874. The chapel on which worship, spirituality, devotion and holiness are based, is an indescribable atmosphere for human beings ; For the inner eye of spirituality, the bliss of heavenly bliss ia a combination. In the cage above the beautiful altar are statues of the sacred heart of jesus and in the cages on either side are statues of Christ the king and unni messiah. Upstairs are depicted angels singing with various musical instruments. On the surrounding wall, the Biblical events-wedding at cana, Appammurikal,the last supper, the sacrifice on the cross, Emmaus,Abels sacrifice, The birds giving bread to elliah, Abrahams sacrifice and manna from heaven are depicted. The top of chapel was covered with copper plate. In 1951 they were completely replaced due to damage and the asbestos sheets were replaced.
The seven storey Belfry or Bell tower( Manimaliga) took ten long years from 1883 to 1892. The porch of the church was modernized in 1949 and the roof of the crucifix at the top of the bell tower was replaced with a redesigned terrace ward. The huge statue of Christ king , with both arms sretched to embrace and bless everyone, is placed on high pedestal in the middle of the terrace. Anyone can see the king of Christ outstretched arms from anywhere .On the top seventh floor are three large bells made in France.
To the right door of chapel is a special cage dedicated to St Anthony on basis of his 800th birthday anniversary on August 15 1996 . Since then has been seeking the intercession of the Saint and Novena also Started. The Altar on right side of the chapel is completely made up of wood,On that Statue of St Theresa, St Vincent de paul, St Francis of assisi, St Evuphrasia and chavara are installed.
1718 Establishment Of Temporary Church & 1st Mass.
1722 June13 Dedication ABP. A. Pimentel, S.J. & Arnos Padri (John Ernestus).
1740 Rock Obelisk Cross & 101 – Wick Alu Vilakku.
1750 Onwards St. Sebastian’s Festival.
1790 Tipu Sultan Sets Fire To Church
1805-1814 Great Wall Around Church Erected.
1820 Structure Later Used For Minor Seminary, Priests’ Annual Retreat & School Erected.
1829 Gubernador D’operto Piesoto’s 8 Year’s Stay
1837 Archangel St. Raphaels’ Festival Commenced
1840 Darsana Sabha Of O.Lady Ested By Abp.F.Xavier.
1845 St. Raphael’s North Church Erected.
1858 Fr. K. Elias Chavara’s Visit.
1870 Altar & Artistic Wooden Reredos.
1874 Domed Eucharistic Octagonal Cupola At Nortth(Chapel Of S Heart).
1875 Feb 22 Ollur Letter To Pius Ix On Elias Mellus
1875 May1 Pius Ix’s Reply To Ollur Parish.
1876 ABP. Meurin’s Month Long Stay And Ollur Conferences.
1877 Entrance Hall(Nadasala).
1883-1892 7-Storey Bell Tower With 3 Bells From Marseilles – France.
1900 Ist Convent Of Archdiocese At Ollur / Sr.Euphasia Among Ist Nuns.
1903 Msgr. Zaleski’s Visit.
1906 Marian Sodality Founded.
1911 Altar Elevated As Swayamvara Balipeedam
1917 Mar Menachery Shashtipoorthi Domed Cupola
1924 (CA) One Of First & Forane Divisions Of Undivided Trichur Diocese.
1932 700th Anniversary Enclosure And Statue Of St. Antony.
1949 Pius XII Golden Jubilee Facade.
1951 Visit Of Prime Minister Nehru.
1953 Visit Of Eugene Cardinal Tisserant
1977 Holy Angel’s H.S. Started
1996 St. Anthony Octingenary Celebrations.
2000 Yesukristu Jayanthi Celebrations.
2005 Eucharistic Year, Concluding Celebration Oct:8-10
2006 Kudumbavarsham, Beatification Of Venerable Euprasia At Ollur, C.L.C. Centenary Celebration, Inauguration Of Grotto And New Stage.
2007 Jeevante Varsham.
2011 “Altare Privilegiatum” Centenary
2018 300 Year Celebration
2024 Ollur Forane 100 Years Celebration.
If there is any church in Kerala which can be compared with Sistine Chapel in the Vatican City, that is St. Anthony’s Forane Church in Ollur. Every inch of space in the church is decorated, under both western and indigenous influences, with the highest achievements of the painter, the sculptor, the ceramics worker, the carpenter, the goldsmith, the bronze artisan, or the architect – using every media known or imaginable like gold, silver, iron, bronze, wood, ivory, stone – including laterite, granite, and precious stones. here there are large numbers of frescoes, murals – both Kerala and western style murals, woodwork, metalwork, ivory work. Of course, Ollur’s other name Chinna Roma (Small Rome) is quite appropriate for this and many other reasons. If any church in Kerala deserves to be named a basilica (a minor basilica, that is) it is undoubtedly this great church. If any church is to be made a key attraction for tourists, Indian or international, the first consideration must be given to this church.
The third festival of State significance which used to attract tens of thousands of devotees was the St. Raphael’s festival of Ollur popularly known as Malakhayude Perunnal. St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Church located at Palayur in Thrissur district is considered the earliest church in Kerala. It is claimed to have been established in 52 AD by St Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. There are many other old churches such as Thazhaekadu palli, Kokkode church, Mattom, that bear the pride of antiquity in this region. In the same district of Thrissur is located the St. Antony’s Forane Church in Ollur, which is the only church in Kerala that can be compared with the Sistine Chapel in Vatican city, for it encapsulates the flavour of indigenous and western art and architecture.
Ollur church is famous for the large number of exquisitely carved sacred images in wood. According to Kuriappan Kattookkaran’s book on the church, written a century ago, there were seventy-three statues in the church and as many festivals. Even today some of the best-carved statues of Kerala are to be found in this church. The history of St. Antony’s Forane Church begins in 1718 when a temporary church was constructed for the religious and it was blessed on June 13, 1722 by Mar Antony Pimentel who was then Bishop of kodungallur along with Johann Ernst, famously known as Arnos Paathiri. History also records that this church was set on fire by Tipu Sultan in 1790 during his attacks on Kerala, but only the facade got burnt .
The earliest pictorial documentation available of this church is that of 1904, when it was photographed by H C Q Brownrigg. A 1938 photograph of the church published in the Cochin Government Royal War Efforts Souvenir clearly displays the pomp and glory of the building. The cruciform structure of the church is covered by a three-tier gabled indigenous roof structure proclaiming the architectural excellence of the carpenters who built it to this scale and grandeur. As is the case with most churches in Kerala the St. Anthony’s Forane Church of Ollur also is constructed on a hill-top which is the highest location in the vicinity. Earlier people must have reached the church climbing the steep slopes. But today there are large flights of steps leading to the church from various directions in addition to the sloping roads for vehicular traffic.
Rockcross (Nasrani Sthambam)
A Large stone cross ( Nasrani piller) stands high in the courtyard of the churh in front of the mukhamandapam. This cross is made up of single stone, as a symbol of salvation. This type of Cross is very rare in the courtyard of church. A little further up the steps, you can see a Metal flagpole. The Nazraney sthamba is a direct descendant of the obelisk.,and much closer to it than the other Indian pillars – in shape, method of constuction and transportaion, method of erection, function, and solar symbolism. The Roman obelisk, bearing crosses today, have been converted to Christianity, while Keralas cross-shaped obelisks were born Christian. The obelus and the double-dagger reference marks in printing may be profitably recalled here.
The three-tier gabled indigenous architecture of Kerala churches, which lacked facades until the coming of the Portuguese, immensely gains in richness, symmetry, and beauty because of the open-air rock crosses, some of them more than 30 feet in height including the intricately carved pedestals, and monolithic shafts. No other community in Kerala has such a huge monumental stone structure, and no other Christianity has such a universal and huge emblem in front of the churches. The indoor counterparts of these crosses have the earliest carvings in Kerala of the national flower lotus and the national bird peacock. Perhaps even the national animal tiger is first depicted in Kerala art in church sculpture. There was no rock carving in South India prior to the period of these indoor crosses. The motifs, message , and images on these crosses and their pedestals display a remarkable degree of Indianness and Malayalee Thanima or identity.
Porch of the church (Poomuga Mugavaram)
The porch was completely renovated on April 8, 1949 as the golden jubilee monument of pope pius XII. The walls and top of façade are made entirely of granite. The porch and façade are beautifully carved in granite designs. The artistry says that poetry is written in granite is evident here. The craftsmanship of the sculptors is immense. In the cage in the middle of the façade are statue of Christ king, and in the cage on either side are statues of St. Antony and St Rapheal.
Nadashala and Stambhas
The church is one of the oldest churches in Thrissur Corporation area and one of the grandest in the Trichur Archdiocese. Despite its antiquity and historical importance, there have been attempts to demolish the 120-ft long ‘Nadashala’ adorned with 24 sthampas and mukhavaram (frontal façade), another remains of Greco-Roman architecture. The nadashala and stambhas bear testimony to the tradition of the system followed by Indian building to cater to alternate typology of buildings.
In the name of reconstruction, addition and renovation, insensitive acts have already happened to the historic fabric of heritage churches in Kerala. Let St. Antony’s Forane Church not be the next one to be brutally destroyed, forgoing its historicity. Objects with such historical value should not be demolished or tampered with insensitively. Instead, they should be protected by giving due reverence and need to be conserved for posterity.
Elephantwall (Aanamathil)
The church is surrounded by a huge protective compund wall Aana Mathil or (Elephant wall) either because of its elephant like shape (which helps it to guard itself from the heavy monsoon downpours characterestic of the land), or because of its elephantine size, or use (to safeguard the church from the fierce attacks of elephants sent by angry kings), or for a combination of these reasons. These walls enclose in addition to the church itself the inner coutyard also.
Pulpit (pushpakoodu)
One of the reputed possessions of the church is the more than thirty- foot tall wooden rostrum or Pushpakkoodu which soars to a height of more than 39 ft and is adorned with sculpture and relief works of evangelists and saints as one would find in any European church. This is perhaps the tallest rostrum in the whole of Asia. Among other astonishingly artistic wood carvings in the church some are to be found on the three altars, the beams, and in the cupola. Pushpakoodu is designed as Starting from the mouth of lion on the bottom wall and blossoming into a flower. As the speakers and the other electronic devices began to reach the audience ear, pushpakoodu become unusable. Above the flower –shaped wreath, there are two beautifully designed upper chambers and above it an angel lords and many angels in the wood carving that have been done on the flower.
Sevenstorey Belfry (Manimaliga)
The seven storey Belfry or Bell tower (125 feet) of the church is said to be the tallest structure in South India when it was constructed. The huge three bells in the bell tower were imported from Marseilles in France (1883–1892) in 19th century and is one of biggest bells in Kerala. The bells are inscribed with the pictures of Jesus, Saint Joseph, Mary (mother of Jesus), Saint Anthony, Raphael (archangel) and Tobias. The seven-storey-high belfry, was one of the tallest structures of those days.
Another unique feature of the church is the variety of images of angels found inside and on the church structure. There are more than 5,000 of these angels in this church, which are sculpted in fresco, mural, wood, plaster, stone, metal, ivory and other media. Their skillful disposition brings the good heavens on to earth for the religious. Small Altars As you enter from Madbaha , there are small altars on each side. Behind them there are beautiful ridges (Erathazhu). Like the main altar and lower altar, they are adorned with wood carvings and gold plated paintings. The figure of the Angel Raphael is seen on the north forhead of altar and figure of St joseph on the south. The Altar on the north side is dedicated to the mother of God, and has a statue. On the South forhead of this altar is the figure of the immaculate.
Granite Sculptures
The church has variety of Granite sculptures . Visitors can see many Round figures, Pillars, Lamps, Lampposts, Baptismal stones, stairways, sidewalks, towers, doorsteps and stone carvings.
Mural painting
The Murals have beautified the entire Interior of the church without leaving any gaps. The Ancient murals are as beautiful as those found in many other ancient churches. The walls , which are two to three centuries old, stand out from the crowd. The glow has not faded. Panels and mats are also used to cover the entire part of the roof. Murals in ollur church are notable. The first sin and sacrifices of the old testament, David, Goliath, Samson, Noah, Moses ,scenes from the life of jesus in the new testament (Fifteen Mysteries )Heaven, Hell and the Lastjudgement are all in chepad, piravam, pazhanji, Akapparambu, chathanur, Angamaly, Paliekkara, malayatoor , kanjoor. It is the subject of eight hundred years old murals. All these can be seen in ollur church and chapel. The church is ornated with carvings and the creations of 300 years ago have been retained as such. The organisation and protection of the sculptures reflect a remarkable sense of the value of the old. It has Fresco paintings spanning 4,000 sq. ft. The gold tinted interior of the church resembles an art gallery. The sanctum, the ceiling, the small altars, and the enclosures of the statues, are all picturesque. The Pulpit has three decks, two of which could be used at the same time. The lowest deck has a row of statues, carved out of wood, coming out of a host of flowers. The first deck is supported on a branch coming out of the dragon’s mouth. The upper part of this is also rich in carvings. The colour used is a blend of golden and red.
A book written on the church a century ago by Kuriappan Kattookkaran reveals that there were 73 statues in the church. Even today, some of the best carved statues of Kerala are found in this church alone. There are a number of frescoes and murals both in Kerala and western styles, artefacts made of wood, metal, ivory etc. The gold and silver crosses, the candlesticks, kasa and pilasa, gold censers, bronze vessels, bells, monstances, tabernacles etc. are some of the artistic works in the church made in various metals, adding to the antiquity of the church. The dynamics of sculptural architectonics of this church is in contradiction to its purity of indigenous
architectural form. The paintings in the church that covers a thousand square feet, are the pride of artists and Kerala. One is left with no doubts why Ollur’s nickname once was Chinna Roma (small Rome), seeing the similarities in sculptural and architectural detailing found here.
The Ollur church is the oldest church in the Thrissur Corporation area and the grandest church in the Trichur Archdiocese although certain other churches are today able to grab the limelight on account of their location and certain accidental presentday benefits and lucky coincidences.
Privileged Altar (Swayamvara peedam)
A Privileged Altar (Latin: Altare Privilegiatum) was an altar in a Roman Catholic church where a plenary indulgence could be applied in favor of a soul in purgatory by the priest celebrating Mass whenever Mass was celebrated there.
Libreation struggle (Vimochana Samaram)
In 1959 Catholics took to the streets of Kerala to protest against the first Communist Government in the state headed by E. M. S. Namboodiripad. This was known as Vimochana Samaram or Liberation Struggle. The confrontation was sparked by a state law that would have effectively taken over Catholic education facilities. In the same year, on 23 July, Kerala Police fired at the St. Anthony’s Forane Church on the part of Liberation Struggle. A memorial had been erected at the church courtyard then. The memorial says, Communist Government fired bullets to the Church here. The struggle of 1959 had led to the dismissal of the first democratically elect Communist Government in the world. The church structure as we see today was built in the typical Kerala architectural style during the period 1883-1893. It is conjectured that around 1953 or so, there were modifications done to the main church by the removal of the original facade and addition of a structure to the front portion on the western side. The church also withstood the historical ‘Vimochana Samaram’ in 1959, when bullets were said to be fired at the church, as mentioned in a plaque put up at the church.
St. Raphael is one of the seven Archangels who stand before the throne of the Lord, and one of the only three mentioned by name in the Bible. He appears, by name, only in the Book of Tobit. Raphael’s name means “God heals.” This identity came about because of the biblical story that claims he “healed” the earth when it was defiled by the sins of the fallen angels in the apocryphal book of Enoch.
Disguised as a human in the Book of Tobit, Raphael refers to himself as “Azarias the son of the great Ananias” and travels alongside Tobit’s son, Tobiah. Once Raphael returns from his journey with Tobiah, he declares to Tobit that he was sent by the Lord to heal his blindness and deliver Sarah, Tobiah’s future wife, from the demon Asmodeus. It is then that his true healing powers are revealed and he makes himself known as “the angel Raphael, one of the seven, who stand before the Lord” Tobit 12:15.
The demon Asmodeus killed every man Sarah married on the night of the wedding, before the marriage could be consummated. Raphael guided Tobiah and taught him how to safely enter the marriage with Sarah.
Raphael is credited with driving the evil spirit from Sarah and restoring Tobit’s vision, allowing him to see the light of Heaven and for receiving all good things through his intercession.
Although only the archangels Gabriel and Michael are mentioned by name in the New Testament, the Gospel of John speaks of the pool at Bethesda, where many ill people rested, awaiting the moving of the water. “An angel of the Lord descended at certain times into the pond; and the water was moved. And he that went down first into the pond after the motion of the water was made whole of whatsoever infirmity he lay under” John 5:1-4. Because of the healing powers often linked to Raphael, the angel spoken of is generally associated with St. Raphael
Festival of St Raphael (Malakhayude Perunnal )
The Ollur Church is one of the wealthiest in the whole of Kerala. Feast of Saint Raphael, Ollur, the Archangel, is the most important festival of Ollur church falling on 23 and 24 October of each year.
The festival was started in 1837. Another festival is in honor of Saint Sebastian in the month of January and is the second major festival in the parish. Also, Ollur parish celebrates around 73 feasts and festivals in the calendar year. The Feast of Saint Raphael or MalakhayudePerunnal is an annual festival held in Ollur. It draws thousands of pilgrims. The Ollur forane church, founded in 1718 and dedicated to St Anthony, also houses a famous Shrine of Raphael the Archangel. This is one of the oldest churches built in 18th-century Kerala. The festival starts with the hoisting of the ceremonial flag on 15 October to mark the beginning of the celebrations in the church compound. It is one of half a dozen Christian festivals listed by Kerala Tourism as among the attractions of the state.
Bangle (Vala) procession
Festival related and liturgical processions in Malabar are of at least four kinds: certain pradakshinams or processions starting near the altar end at the mukhamandapam or portico of the church, many others, importantly, enter the courtyard and go round the rock cross, others go round the church, still others wind along the valley-roads surrounding the church-hill, commencing and concluding at the foot of the rock-cross.
In the Ollur church we have processions of all these classes. But the most important procession is in connection with this festival of St. Raphael the Archangel. (True, the procession of St. Sebastian goes to many more areas than the Angel’s procession which is restricted to the streets or angadies demarcated by the four bridges.) The main attraction of the festival is the Vala (Bangle) procession which is coming from the six zones of Ollur parish on 23 October. These Valas will conclude at the foot of the rock-cross of the church. The bangle processions are very attractive by glittering chariot, multicoloured Muthukkudas (silk Umbrellas),the many types of Vadyams and Melams, the decorated Roopakkudus carrying the statues of the four angels Saint Raphael, Saint Michael, Saint Gabriel, and the Guardian Angel are some of the attractions of the great bangle procession. The Vedikkettu or fireworks, the hawkers and vendors, the largescale agape or Oottu, are other interesting features of the festival.
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